Get messages
GET https://econometrics-1-2023.zulip.aalto.fi/api/v1/messages
Fetch user's message history from a Zulip server.
This endpoint is the primary way to fetch a user's message history
from a Zulip server. It is useful both for Zulip clients (e.g. the
web, desktop, mobile, and terminal clients) as well as bots, API
clients, backup scripts, etc.
Note that a user's message history does not contain messages sent to
streams before they subscribe, and newly created
bot users are not usually subscribed to any streams.
By specifying a narrow filter,
you can use this endpoint to fetch the messages matching any search
query that is supported by Zulip's powerful full-text search backend.
In either case, you specify an anchor
message (or ask the server to
calculate the first unread message for you and use that as the
anchor), as well as a number of messages before and after the anchor
message. The server returns those messages, sorted by message ID, as
well as some metadata that makes it easy for a client to determine
whether there are more messages matching the query that were not
returned due to the num_before
and num_after
limits.
We recommend setting num_before
and num_after
to no more than 1000, to
avoid generating very large HTTP responses. A maximum of 5000 messages
can be obtained per request; attempting to exceed this will result in an
error.
Usage examples
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import zulip
# Pass the path to your zuliprc file here.
client = zulip.Client(config_file="~/zuliprc")
# Get the 100 last messages sent by "iago@zulip.com" to the stream "Verona"
request: Dict[str, Any] = {
"anchor": "newest",
"num_before": 100,
"num_after": 0,
"narrow": [
{"operator": "sender", "operand": "iago@zulip.com"},
{"operator": "stream", "operand": "Verona"},
],
}
result = client.get_messages(request)
print(result)
More examples and documentation can be found here.
const zulipInit = require("zulip-js");
// Pass the path to your zuliprc file here.
const config = { zuliprc: "zuliprc" };
(async () => {
const client = await zulipInit(config);
const readParams = {
anchor: "newest",
num_before: 100,
num_after: 0,
narrow: [
{operator: "sender", operand: "iago@zulip.com"},
{operator: "stream", operand: "Verona"},
],
};
// Get the 100 last messages sent by "iago@zulip.com" to the stream "Verona"
console.log(await client.messages.retrieve(readParams));
})();
curl -sSX GET -G https://econometrics-1-2023.zulip.aalto.fi/api/v1/messages \
-u BOT_EMAIL_ADDRESS:BOT_API_KEY \
--data-urlencode anchor=43 \
--data-urlencode num_before=4 \
--data-urlencode num_after=8 \
--data-urlencode 'narrow=[{"operand": "Denmark", "operator": "stream"}]'
Parameters
anchor string | integer optional
Example: 43
Integer message ID to anchor fetching of new messages. Supports special
string values for when the client wants the server to compute the anchor
to use:
newest
: The most recent message.
oldest
: The oldest message.
first_unread
: The oldest unread message matching the
query, if any; otherwise, the most recent message.
Changes: String values are new in Zulip 3.0 (feature level 1). The
first_unread
functionality was supported in Zulip 2.1.x
and older by not sending anchor
and using use_first_unread_anchor
.
In Zulip 2.1.x and older, oldest
can be emulated with
"anchor": 0
, and newest
with "anchor": 10000000000000000
(that specific large value works around a bug in Zulip
2.1.x and older in the found_newest
return value).
include_anchor boolean optional
Example: false
Whether a message with the specified ID matching the narrow
should be included.
Changes: New in Zulip 6.0 (feature level 155).
Defaults to true
.
num_before integer required
Example: 4
The number of messages with IDs less than the anchor to retrieve.
num_after integer required
Example: 8
The number of messages with IDs greater than the anchor to retrieve.
narrow (object | (string)[])[] optional
Example: [{"operand": "Denmark", "operator": "stream"}]
The narrow where you want to fetch the messages from. See how to
construct a narrow.
Note that many narrows, including all that lack a stream
or streams
operator, search the user's personal message
history. See searching shared
history
for details.
For example, if you would like to fetch messages from all public streams instead
of only the user's message history, then a specific narrow for
messages sent to all public streams can be used:
{"operator": "streams", "operand": "public"}
.
Newly created bot users are not usually subscribed to any
streams, so bots using this API should either be
subscribed to appropriate streams or use a shared history
search narrow with this endpoint.
Changes: In Zulip 7.0 (feature level 177), narrows gained support
for three new filters related to direct messages: is:dm
, dm
and
dm-including
; replacing and deprecating is:private
, pm-with
and
group-pm-with
respectively.
In Zulip 2.1.0, added support for using user/stream IDs when
constructing narrows for a message's sender, its stream and/or
its recipient(s).
client_gravatar boolean optional
Example: false
Whether the client supports computing gravatars URLs. If
enabled, avatar_url
will be included in the response only
if there is a Zulip avatar, and will be null
for users who
are using gravatar as their avatar. This option
significantly reduces the compressed size of user data,
since gravatar URLs are long, random strings and thus do not
compress well. The client_gravatar
field is set to true
if
clients can compute their own gravatars.
Changes: The default value of this parameter was false
prior to Zulip 5.0 (feature level 92).
Defaults to true
.
apply_markdown boolean optional
Example: false
If true
, message content is returned in the rendered HTML
format. If false
, message content is returned in the raw
Markdown-format text that user entered.
Defaults to true
.
use_first_unread_anchor boolean optional Deprecated
Example: true
Legacy way to specify "anchor": "first_unread"
in Zulip 2.1.x and older.
Whether to use the (computed by the server) first unread message
matching the narrow as the anchor
. Mutually exclusive with anchor
.
Changes: Deprecated in Zulip 3.0 (feature level 1) and replaced by
"anchor": "first_unread"
.
Defaults to false
.
Response
Return values
-
anchor
: integer
The same anchor
specified in the request (or the computed one, if
use_first_unread_anchor
is true
).
-
found_newest
: boolean
Whether the server promises that the messages
list includes the very
newest messages matching the narrow (used by clients that paginate their
requests to decide whether there may be more messages to fetch).
-
found_oldest
: boolean
Whether the server promises that the messages
list includes the very
oldest messages matching the narrow (used by clients that paginate their
requests to decide whether there may be more messages to fetch).
-
found_anchor
: boolean
Whether the anchor message is included in the
response. If the message with the ID specified
in the request does not exist, did not match
the narrow, or was excluded via
"include_anchor": false
, this will be false.
-
history_limited
: boolean
Whether the message history was limited due to
plan restrictions. This flag is set to true
only when the oldest messages(found_oldest
)
matching the narrow is fetched.
-
messages
: (object)[]
An array of message
objects.
Changes: In Zulip 3.1 (feature level 26), the
sender_short_name
field was removed from message
objects.
-
avatar_url
: string | null
The URL of the message sender's avatar. Can be null
only if
the current user has access to the sender's real email address
and client_gravatar
was true
.
If null
, then the sender has not uploaded an avatar in Zulip,
and the client can compute the gravatar URL by hashing the
sender's email address, which corresponds in this case to their
real email address.
Changes: Before Zulip 7.0 (feature level 163), access to a
user's real email address was a realm-level setting. As of this
feature level, email_address_visibility
is a user setting.
-
client
: string
A Zulip "client" string, describing what Zulip client
sent the message.
-
content
: string
The content/body of the message.
-
content_type
: string
The HTTP content_type
for the message content. This
will be text/html
or text/x-markdown
, depending on
whether apply_markdown
was set.
-
display_recipient
: string | (object)[]
Data on the recipient of the message;
either the name of a stream or a dictionary containing basic data on
the users who received the message.
-
edit_history
: (object)[]
An array of objects, with each object documenting the
changes in a previous edit made to the the message,
ordered chronologically from most recent to least recent
edit.
Not present if the message has never been edited or if the realm has
disabled viewing of message edit history.
Every object will contain user_id
and timestamp
.
The other fields are optional, and will be present or not
depending on whether the stream, topic, and/or message
content were modified in the edit event. For example, if
only the topic was edited, only prev_topic
and topic
will be present in addition to user_id
and timestamp
.
-
prev_content
: string
Only present if message's content was edited.
The content of the message immediately prior to this
edit event.
-
prev_rendered_content
: string
Only present if message's content was edited.
The rendered HTML representation of prev_content
.
-
prev_rendered_content_version
: integer
Only present if message's content was edited.
The Markdown processor version number for the message
immediately prior to this edit event.
-
prev_stream
: integer
Only present if message's stream was edited.
The stream ID of the message immediately prior to this
edit event.
Changes: New in Zulip 3.0 (feature level 1).
-
prev_topic
: string
Only present if message's topic was edited.
The topic of the message immediately prior to this
edit event.
Changes: New in Zulip 5.0 (feature level 118).
Previously, this field was called prev_subject
;
clients are recommended to rename prev_subject
to
prev_topic
if present for compatibility with
older Zulip servers.
-
stream
: integer
Only present if message's stream was edited.
The ID of the stream containing the message
immediately after this edit event.
Changes: New in Zulip 5.0 (feature level 118).
-
timestamp
: integer
The UNIX timestamp for the edit.
-
topic
: string
Only present if message's topic was edited.
The topic of the message immediately after this edit event.
Changes: New in Zulip 5.0 (feature level 118).
-
user_id
: integer | null
The ID of the user that made the edit.
Will be null
only for edit history
events predating March 2017.
Clients can display edit history events where this
is null
as modified by either the sender (for content
edits) or an unknown user (for topic edits).
-
id
: integer
The unique message ID. Messages should always be
displayed sorted by ID.
-
is_me_message
: boolean
Whether the message is a /me status message
-
last_edit_timestamp
: integer
The UNIX timestamp for when the message was last edited,
in UTC seconds.
Not present if the message has never been edited.
-
reactions
: (object)[]
Data on any reactions to the message.
-
emoji_name
: string
Name of the emoji.
-
emoji_code
: string
A unique identifier, defining the specific emoji codepoint requested,
within the namespace of the reaction_type
.
-
reaction_type
: string
A string indicating the type of emoji. Each emoji reaction_type
has an independent namespace for values of emoji_code
.
Must be one of the following values:
-
unicode_emoji
: In this namespace, emoji_code
will be a
dash-separated hex encoding of the sequence of Unicode codepoints
that define this emoji in the Unicode specification.
-
realm_emoji
: In this namespace, emoji_code
will be the ID of
the uploaded custom emoji.
-
zulip_extra_emoji
: These are special emoji included with Zulip.
In this namespace, emoji_code
will be the name of the emoji (e.g.
"zulip").
-
user_id
: integer
The ID of the user who added the reaction.
Changes: New in Zulip 3.0 (feature level 2). The user
object is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
-
user
: object
Dictionary with data on the user who added the
reaction, including the user ID as the id
field. Note that reactions data received from the
events API has a slightly different
user
dictionary format, with the user ID field
called user_id
instead.
Changes: Deprecated and to be removed in a future release
once core clients have migrated to use the adjacent user_id
field, which was introduced in Zulip 3.0 (feature level 2).
Clients supporting older Zulip server versions should use
the user ID mentioned in the description above as they would
the user_id
field.
-
recipient_id
: integer
A unique ID for the set of users receiving the
message (either a stream or group of users). Useful primarily
for hashing.
-
sender_email
: string
The Zulip API email address of the message's sender.
-
sender_full_name
: string
The full name of the message's sender.
-
sender_id
: integer
The user ID of the message's sender.
-
sender_realm_str
: string
A string identifier for the realm the sender is in. Unique only within
the context of a given Zulip server.
E.g. on example.zulip.com
, this will be example
.
-
stream_id
: integer
Only present for stream messages; the ID of the stream.
-
subject
: string
The topic
of the message. Currently always ""
for direct messages,
though this could change if Zulip adds support for topics in direct
message conversations.
The field name is a legacy holdover from when topics were
called "subjects" and will eventually change.
-
submessages
: (object)[]
Data used for certain experimental Zulip integrations.
-
msg_type
: string
The type of the message.
-
content
: string
The new content of the submessage.
-
message_id
: integer
The ID of the message to which the submessage has been added.
-
sender_id
: integer
The ID of the user who sent the message.
-
id
: integer
The ID of the submessage.
-
timestamp
: integer
The UNIX timestamp for when the message was sent,
in UTC seconds.
-
topic_links
: (object)[]
Data on any links to be included in the topic
line (these are generated by custom linkification
filters that match content in the
message's topic.)
Changes: This field contained a list of urls before
Zulip 4.0 (feature level 46).
New in Zulip 3.0 (feature level 1). Previously, this field was called
subject_links
; clients are recommended to rename subject_links
to topic_links
if present for compatibility with older Zulip servers.
-
type
: string
The type of the message: stream
or private
.
-
flags
: (string)[]
The user's message flags for the message.
Changes: In Zulip 8.0 (feature level 224), the wildcard_mentioned
flag
was deprecated in favor of the stream_wildcard_mentioned
and topic_wildcard_mentioned
flags. The wildcard_mentioned
flag exists for backwards compatibility with
older clients and equals stream_wildcard_mentioned
|| topic_wildcard_mentioned
.
Clients interacting with older servers should treat this field as an old name
for stream_wildcard_mentioned
. @topic mentions were not available prior to
this feature level.
-
match_content
: string
Only present if keyword search was included among the narrow parameters.
HTML content of a queried message that matches the narrow, with
<span class="highlight">
elements wrapping the matches for the
search keywords.
-
match_subject
: string
Only present if keyword search was included among the narrow parameters.
HTML-escaped topic of a queried message that matches the narrow, with
<span class="highlight">
elements wrapping the matches for the
search keywords.
Example response(s)
Changes: As of Zulip 7.0 (feature level 167), if any
parameters sent in the request are not supported by this
endpoint, a successful JSON response will include an
ignored_parameters_unsupported
array.
A typical successful JSON response may look like:
{
"anchor": 21,
"found_anchor": true,
"found_newest": true,
"messages": [
{
"avatar_url": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d8cad0fd00256e7b40691d27ddfd466?d=identicon&version=1",
"client": "populate_db",
"content": "<p>Security experts agree that relational algorithms are an interesting new topic in the field of networking, and scholars concur.</p>",
"content_type": "text/html",
"display_recipient": [
{
"email": "hamlet@zulip.com",
"full_name": "King Hamlet",
"id": 4,
"is_mirror_dummy": false
},
{
"email": "iago@zulip.com",
"full_name": "Iago",
"id": 5,
"is_mirror_dummy": false
},
{
"email": "prospero@zulip.com",
"full_name": "Prospero from The Tempest",
"id": 8,
"is_mirror_dummy": false
}
],
"flags": [
"read"
],
"id": 16,
"is_me_message": false,
"reactions": [],
"recipient_id": 27,
"sender_email": "hamlet@zulip.com",
"sender_full_name": "King Hamlet",
"sender_id": 4,
"sender_realm_str": "zulip",
"subject": "",
"submessages": [],
"timestamp": 1527921326,
"topic_links": [],
"type": "private"
},
{
"avatar_url": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d8cad0fd00256e7b40691d27ddfd466?d=identicon&version=1",
"client": "populate_db",
"content": "<p>Wait, is this from the frontend js code or backend python code</p>",
"content_type": "text/html",
"display_recipient": "Verona",
"flags": [
"read"
],
"id": 21,
"is_me_message": false,
"reactions": [],
"recipient_id": 20,
"sender_email": "hamlet@zulip.com",
"sender_full_name": "King Hamlet",
"sender_id": 4,
"sender_realm_str": "zulip",
"stream_id": 5,
"subject": "Verona3",
"submessages": [],
"timestamp": 1527939746,
"topic_links": [],
"type": "stream"
}
],
"msg": "",
"result": "success"
}